Sources & studies

Goldman RH, Racowsky C, Farland LV, Munné S, Ribustello L, Fox JH. "Predicting the likelihood of live birth for elective oocyte cryopreservation: a counseling tool for physicians and patients."

Human Reproduction, 2017; 32(4):853–859. · view source

How we use it: The age × egg-count live-birth model behind our calculator and every odds table. Our implementation reproduces its nine published anchor figures, asserted on every build.

ASRM Practice Committee. "Evidence-based outcomes after oocyte cryopreservation for donor oocyte IVF and planned oocyte cryopreservation: a guideline."

Fertility & Sterility, 2021; 116:36–47. · view source

How we use it: Professional-body position on outcomes and counseling, including its own statement that evidence on the optimal number of oocytes is insufficient.

Hirsch A, et al. "Planned oocyte cryopreservation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of utilisation and outcomes." 10 studies, 8,750 women, mean freezing age 37.2.

Human Reproduction Update, 2024; 30(5):558–568. · view source

How we use it: Real-world return rate (11.1%), warming survival (78.5%) and live birth per returning patient — 52% if frozen ≤35 versus 19% if frozen ≥40.

Cobo A, et al. Elective oocyte vitrification outcomes in 5,289 patients: 9.6 oocytes retrieved and 7.3 vitrified per cycle.

Human Reproduction, 2018; 33(12):2222–2231. · view source

How we use it: What a real retrieval actually banks, and cumulative live birth by age at vitrification.

Cascante SD, et al. Planned oocyte cryopreservation outcomes in 543 patients who returned to thaw.

Fertility & Sterility, 2022; 118(1):158–166. · view source

How we use it: Final live birth per patient (39% overall; above 50% for those who froze before 38 or thawed ≥20 mature eggs).

Kakkar P, et al. "Outcomes of social egg freezing: a cohort study and comprehensive literature review." 167 women, 184 cycles, mean freezing age 37.1.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2023; PMC10342811. · view source

How we use it: Average 9.5 eggs frozen per retrieval, 16% return rate, 74% thaw survival — the real-world floor under the model's assumptions.

SART CORS National Summary Report (own-egg live births per intended retrieval by age band) and CDC ART surveillance.

SART CORS, 2023 final report. · view source

How we use it: US outcome benchmarks and the difference between per-cycle and cumulative reporting.

Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority (HFEA) — egg freezing treatment pages, factsheet, and the 2022 storage-limit change.

HFEA, UK; storage law effective 1 July 2022. · view source

How we use it: UK cost averages (~£3,350 collection and freezing plus £500–£1,500 medication), typical egg yield (7–14 collected under 38), and the 55-year storage limit with 10-yearly consent renewal.

ASRM Practice Committee, "Repetitive oocyte donation: a committee opinion," and ASRM Ethics Committee, "Planned oocyte cryopreservation."

ASRM, 2020 and 2023. · view source

How we use it: Complication rates for retrieval (severe OHSS roughly 1–2% per cycle; other acute complications under 0.5%) and the ethical caution against overstating benefit.

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Green-top Guideline No. 5, "The management of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome."

RCOG, 2016. · view source

How we use it: OHSS incidence by severity, risk factors, and the mechanism behind early versus late onset.

van den Belt-Dusebout AW, et al. (OMEGA breast cancer cohort), JAMA 2016; and Spaan M, et al. (OMEGA ovarian cancer cohort), JNCI 2021;113(6):699. Plus ASRM, "Fertility drugs and cancer: a guideline" (2024).

JAMA 2016 · JNCI 2021 · ASRM 2024. · view source

How we use it: What the long-horizon cancer data does and does not show after ovarian stimulation — including where the evidence is still unsettled.

Levi-Setti PE, et al. Complications in 23,827 oocyte retrievals; and Bodri D, et al. Complications in 4,052 donor cycles.

Fertility & Sterility, 2018 · Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 2008. · view source

How we use it: Procedure complication rates (roughly 0.4% per retrieval) from large series rather than clinic marketing pages.

ASRM Practice Committee, "Testing and interpreting measures of ovarian reserve" (Fertil Steril 2020;114:1151–7); ACOG Committee Opinion 773 (2019).

ASRM 2020 · ACOG 2019. · view source

How we use it: Why AMH forecasts stimulation response rather than live-birth odds, and why our calculator does not ask for it.

Wallace WHB, Kelsey TW. "Human ovarian reserve from conception to the menopause."

PLOS ONE, 2010; 5(1):e8772. · view source

How we use it: The ovarian-reserve decline curve behind "how many eggs are left at 30, 35, 40".

Kawwass JF, et al. Donor-oocyte transfer outcomes from SART national data (37,657 transfers).

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 2021; 38(5):1171–1175. · view source

How we use it: Donor-egg live birth per transfer, used only where we compare own eggs against donor eggs.

Cofertility (egg-sharing company). Miller S. "Comparing Egg Freezing Costs Across the U.S. (And Why Location Matters)."

Published March 24, 2026; updated July 21, 2026. · view source

How we use it: The US cycle-fee range ($8,000–$15,000), medication ($3,000–$6,000) and storage ($500–$1,000 a year), plus the regional ranges on our city pages.

FertilityIQ. "The Costs of Egg Freezing."

FertilityIQ patient-reported data, accessed October 2026. · view source

How we use it: The average cycle (about $16,000: $11,000 clinic fee plus $5,000 medication), how many cycles patients actually do, and worked examples for later use (about $10,000) and two cycles in New York ($36,000).

CNY Fertility (clinic). "How Much Does It Cost to Freeze Your Eggs? A Complete Guide."

Updated July 7, 2026. · view source

How we use it: National averages: $11,000 for the procedure, about $16,800 for a cycle with medication and a year of storage, about $800 a year for storage, and later use at about $13,200 (IVF with frozen eggs) plus $7,200 (frozen embryo transfer).

Pacific Fertility Center of Los Angeles (clinic). "Egg Freezing Costs."

November 18, 2025. · view source

How we use it: Medication ($3,000–$6,000) and storage ($500–$1,000 a year) ranges, and the average of 2.1 cycles per patient.

Fertility Clinics Abroad (medical-travel portal). "Egg Freezing in Europe."

Accessed October 2026. · view source

How we use it: Package prices around €1,800 at a Czech clinic and €2,200 at a Barcelona clinic, and the $5,000–$10,000 saving quoted for US patients.

EggFreezingOdds clinic directory: prices on record for the clinics we list in the US, UK and Spain.

Recorded July 13, 2026; each price is tagged with its source on the clinic profile. · view source

How we use it: The four US one-cycle prices on record (median $10,000) that we check the market figures against, and the UK and Spanish clinic prices on our city pages. Always labeled as market data, never as a clinical figure.