Sources & studies
We don't invent statistics or lean on a borrowed clinician byline. Each clinical, probability and cost figure on EggFreezingOdds is drawn from the named, dated sources below. Our calculator reproduces the published Goldman 2017 model; cohort and cost figures are clearly labeled as estimates or averages.
Goldman RH, Racowsky C, Farland LV, et al. "Predicting the likelihood of live birth for elective oocyte cryopreservation: a counseling tool for physicians and patients."
Human Reproduction, 2017; 32(4):853–859.
How we use it: The age × egg-count live-birth model behind our calculator and every odds table.
American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) — Practice Committee, "Evidence-based outcomes after oocyte cryopreservation… and planned oocyte cryopreservation."
ASRM Guideline, 2021.
How we use it: Professional-body position on outcomes, survival, and counseling.
SART (Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology) & CDC ART national outcome reporting.
SART / CDC ART reports.
How we use it: US clinic outcome benchmarks and reporting standards (per-cycle vs cumulative).
Cobo A, et al. & social-egg-freezing cohort analyses on real-world cumulative live-birth rates by age at vitrification.
Fertility & Sterility / Human Reproduction; cohort reviews incl. NCBI PMC10342811.
How we use it: Real-world success by age — corroborates the model (e.g. ~52% live birth froze ≤35 vs ~19% froze ≥40).
Cofertility, FertilityIQ, CNY Fertility and PFCLA published cost breakdowns; European clinic pricing surveys.
2024–2026 cost guides.
How we use it: US per-cycle, medication, and storage ranges; international comparison.
NYU Langone Fertility Center research on frozen-egg vs fresh-IVF efficiency for older patients.
NYU Langone, peer-reviewed analyses.
How we use it: Egg vs embryo and donor-egg context.
Note on certainty: The Goldman model is peer-reviewed but retrospective and may overestimate real-world results; cohort and cost figures vary by clinic and region. We flag confidence levels in our articles and always prefer a range over a single number. This page is informational, not medical advice.